INTRODUCTION:

Introduction: The North Carolina Department of Public Instruction states overall goals for each level of education. The overall goal in history instruction for high school is as follows: High school students engage in more sophisticated analysis and reconstruction of the past, examining its relationship to the present and its implications for the future. They integrate individual stories about people, events, and situations to form broader concepts in which continuity and change are linked in time and across cultures. At the high school level, students are able to think systematically about personal, national, and global decisions, interactions, and consequences, including addressing critical issues such as peace, human rights, trade, and global ecology. Students also learn how to draw on their knowledge of history in order to make informed choices and decisions in the present. The teachers use The Diary of Anne Frank and Night to use individual stories about people, events and situations to form broader concepts and to address human rights. They use materials such as encyclopedias and journal articles to encourage research into the history of the Holocaust and World War II. Maps are used to show students locations, numbers, and changes in population.

SCOPE OF PATHFINDER

Scope Statement: This pathfinder will help 9th grade teachers as they teach the NC Standard Course of Study Objective 5.03 in World History classes. The objective is to analyze the causes and course of World War II and evaluate the period as the end of one era and the beginning of another. The Holocaust is one of the events of World War II that is examined by 9th graders. They learn the history surrounding the event, the key figures and countries involved, and the devastation caused by the Holocaust. The students are then encouraged to analyze the causes of the event, and how it may be prevented in the future. This is done by group work, answering questions, reading, and writing essays. This objective is taught as a set of lessons to be covered in one week. By the end of the week the student should know the history of the Holocaust and how it relates to World War II. They also should be able to analyze the human aspects of the event. The references in the pathfinder address areas of interest to gay students and provides multicultural diversity for minority groups. There are also some references on how disabled people were treated in Nazi Germany.

READY REFERENCE

Ready Reference: The statistics from the Holocaust Museum are mind blowing, but would give students an idea of how efficient the camps were at killing people.

Lauckner, N.A. & Jokiniemi, M. (2000). Shedding light on the darkness: A guide to teaching the Holocaust. New York: Berghahn Books.
This is a handbook on teaching the Holocaust. It gives ideas for teaching the Holocaust through film, how to be culturally sensitive, and many more ideas on teaching the subject.
Statistics on German, Polish, European & Soviet-Baltic concentration camps. (n.d.) Washington, D.C.: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved July 29 from http://www.shoaheducation.com/camps/statistics.html. This website gives statistics on the concentration camps used during the Holocaust. It provides the number of people who died, facts about the camp, and location of the camp.

INDEXES AND ABSTRACTS

Indexes and Abstracts: The list of questions in the teacher's index might be a good place to get students started formulating their own questions.

Cybrary of Holocaust images. (1995). Grovetown, GA: Alliance for a Better Earth. Retrieved July 26, 2009 from http://remember.org/image/.
This is an index of many Holocaust images. These images are of concentration camps, Holocaust art, and many other images relating to the Holocaust. Teachers and students can also take a virtual tour of Auschwitz, a death camp, through this site. These images would be an adequate visual component of a Holocaust unit or set of lessons.

Index: teacher’s resources. (1999). Los Angeles, CA: The Simon Wiesenthal Center. Retrieved on July, 23 from
http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/site/pp.asp?c=gvKVLcMVIuG&b=394657
This is a great index listing books, articles, and media related to the Holocaust. There is also a list of questions students can click on to find more resources and answers to frequently asked Holocaust questions.

The Holocaust: A selected list of resources. (n.d.) Charleston, IL: Eastern Illinois University. Retrieved July 24 from http://www.library.eiu.edu/eresources/researchguides/holocaust.html.
This is a list of several different Holocaust resources including a list of abstracts and indexes on material.

GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS:

The link at the bottom of this website provides access to much more interesting government documents than the first page, I think!

Stein, S.D. (2007). Documents relating to the Holocaust war crimes and genocide. Retrieved July, 29 from http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/docments.htm.
This website contains government documents that relate to Nazi war crimes and Hitler’s policies for extermination of the Jewish people and other groups of people. It has a link which provides the texts of more government documents relating to war crimes of the Holocaust.

GEOGRAPHICAL RESOURCES:

A teacher’s guide to the Holocaust: maps. (2005). Lakeland, FL: South Florida University. Retrieved July 24 from http://fcit.coedu.usf.edu/Holocaust/resource/gallery/maps.htm.
This webpage includes maps on Kristallnacht, (the night of violence against Jewish synagogues), locations of concentration camps, locations of pogroms in Russia, and the Jewish population before and after World War II. Students can click on the maps and also view a brief history of what the map represents.
Holocaust & World War II maps. (2009). Chevy Chase, MD: American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Retrieved July 22, 2009 from http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/holomaptoc.html
This site is an excellent collection of maps of World War II and the Holocaust. There are multiple links to maps of the concentration camps, Jewish ghettos, displaced persons camps, and population maps of what Europe and the Middle East looked like before and after World War II. This page is a smaller part of a larger site dedicated to Holocaust resources and information.

ENCYCLOPEDIA REFERENCES:

There are some great ideas in the Holocaust Encyclopedia on presenting ideas and concepts concerning the Holocaust.

Encyclopedias:

Elie Wiesel. (2004). Encyclopedia of World War II: Biography. Retrieved June 5 from http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404706858.html
This is a great encyclopedia article on Elie Wiesel who is a famous Holocaust survivor and writer. This site offers more resources on material written about Elie Wiesel and books he authored.

Holocaust encyclopedia. (n.d.) Washington, D.C.: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved July 25 from http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/.
This is an encyclopedia of articles concerning the Holocaust from the US Holocaust Memorial Museum. There are additional resources on this webpage including a link for teachers on topics on the Holocaust and how to present these ideas.